def range = 0..4

def coll = ["Groovy", "Java", "Ruby"]

1. def xxx = {paramters -> code}  //或者  
2. def xxx = {无参数，纯code}  这种case不需要->符号

1. doLast({  
2.    println'Hello world!'  
3. })  

执行 groovyc-d classes test.groovy

groovyc是groovy的编译命令，-d classes用于将编译得到的class文件拷贝到classes文件夹下

1.  gradle projects查看工程信息

到目前为止，我们了解了Gradle什么呢？

l 每一个Project都必须设置一个build.gradle文件。至于其内容，我们留到后面再说。

l 对于multi-projects build，需要在根目录下也放一个build.gradle，和一个settings.gradle。

l 一个Project是由若干tasks来组成的，当gradlexxx的时候，实际上是要求gradle执行xxx任务。这个任务就能完成具体的工作。

2.  gradle tasks查看任务信息

gradleproject-path:tasks 就行。注意，project-path是目录名，后面必须跟冒号。

对于Multi-project，在根目录中，需要指定你想看哪个poject的任务。不过你要是已经cd到某个Project的目录了，则不需指定Project-path。

• l Gradle有一个初始化流程，这个时候settings.gradle会执行。
• l 在配置阶段，每个Project都会被解析，其内部的任务也会被添加到一个有向图里，用于解决执行过程中的依赖关系。
• l 然后才是执行阶段。你在gradle xxx中指定什么任务，gradle就会将这个xxx任务链上的所有任务全部按依赖顺序执行一遍！

（1）生命周期

eg：Single project build example

settings.gradle

println 'This is executed during the initialization phase.'

build.gradle

println 'This is executed during the configuration phase.'

task configured {
    println 'This is also executed during the configuration phase.'
}

task test << {
    println 'This is executed during the execution phase.'
}

task testBoth {
    doFirst {
      println 'This is executed first during the execution phase.'
    }
    doLast {
      println 'This is executed last during the execution phase.'
    }
    println 'This is executed during the configuration phase as well.'
}

（2）setting.gradle中多工程配置

其中setting.gradle在多project的配置中，用于声明包含的project及其层级关系（平坦和层级结构的project都支持）

include 'project1', 'project2:child', 'project3:child1'

includeFlat 'project3', 'project4'

（3）根据生命周期定制task

eg：Logging of start and end of each task execution

build.gradle

task ok

task broken(dependsOn: ok) << {
    thrownew RuntimeException('broken')
}

gradle.taskGraph.beforeTask { Task task ->
    println "executing $task ..."
}

gradle.taskGraph.afterTask { Task task, TaskState state ->
    if (state.failure) {
        println "FAILED"
    }
    else {
        println "done"
    }
}

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
    compile project(':bugrpt')
}

apply plugin: 'java'

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
    compile group: 'org.hibernate', name: 'hibernate-core', version: '3.6.7.Final'
    testCompile group: 'junit', name: 'junit', version: '4.+'
}

dependencies {
    compile 'org.hibernate:hibernate-core:3.6.7.Final'
}

repositories {
    maven {
        url "http://repo.mycompany.com/maven2"
    }
}

eg：Usage of a local Ivy directory

repositories {
    ivy {
        // URL can refer to a local directory
        url "../local-repo"
    }
}

uploadArchives {
    repositories {
        ivy {
            credentials {
                username "username"
                password "pw"
            }
            url "http://repo.mycompany.com"
        }
    }
}

task hello {
    doLast {
        println 'Hello world!'
    }
}

task hello << {
    println 'Hello world!'
}

Hello world!

project('projectA') {
    task taskX(dependsOn: ':projectB:taskY') << {
        println 'taskX'
    }
}

project('projectB') {
    task taskY << {
        println 'taskY'
    }
}

4.times { counter ->
    task "task$counter" << {
        println "I'm task number $counter"
    }
}
task0.dependsOn task2, task3

task myTask {
    ext.myProperty = "myValue"
}

task printTaskProperties << {
    println myTask.myProperty
}

defaultTasks 'clean', 'run'

task clean << {
    println 'Default Cleaning!'
}

task run << {
    println 'Default Running!'
}

task other << {
    println "I'm not a default task!"
}

task distribution << {
    println "We build the zip with version=$version"
}

task release(dependsOn: 'distribution') << {
    println 'We release now'
}

gradle.taskGraph.whenReady {taskGraph ->
    if (taskGraph.hasTask(release)) {
        version = '1.0'
    } else {
        version = '1.0-SNAPSHOT'
    }
}

println hello.name

println tasks.hello.name

tasks.getByPath(':projectA:hello').path

Configuring a task - with closure

task copy(type: Copy) {
   description 'Copies the resource directory to the target directory.'
   from 'resources'
   into 'target'
   include('**/*.txt', '**/*.xml', '**/*.properties')
}